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34.1 開發容器配置

學習如何在企業環境中配置和使用 Claude Code 開發容器,為團隊提供一致、安全的開發環境。

34.1.1 开发容器概述

什么是开发容器

開發容器(Dev Containers)是一種使用 Docker 容器作為完整開發環境的解決方案。它為團隊提供:

  • 一致性 :所有開發者使用相同的工具和配置
  • 可移植性 :在不同作業系統上獲得相同的開發體驗
  • 隔離性 :開發環境與主機系統分離
  • 安全性 :增強的安全措施保護開發環境

Claude Code 開發容器特性

Claude Code 提供的官方開發容器包含:

  • 生產就緒的 Node.js :基於 Node.js 20 構建
  • 安全設計 :自定義防火牆限制網路訪問
  • 開發者工具 :git、ZSH、fzf 等生產力工具
  • VS Code 整合 :預配置的擴充套件和最佳化設定
  • 會話永續性 :保留命令歷史和配置

34.1.2 快速入门

前置要求

確保您的系統已安裝以下元件:

bash
# 检查 Docker 安装
docker --version

# 检查 VS Code 安装
code --version

# 检查 Remote - Containers 扩展
code --list-extensions | grep ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers

安裝步驟

  1. 安裝 Docker Desktop
bash
# macOS
brew install --cask docker

# 启动 Docker Desktop
open /Applications/Docker.app

# 安装 VS Code(如果尚未安装)
brew install --cask visual-studio-code

# 安装 Remote - Containers 扩展
code --install-extension ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers
  1. 克隆 Claude Code 參考實現
bash
git clone https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code.git
cd claude-code


 VS Code 中:

- 開啟命令面板:`Cmd+Shift+P`
- 輸入並選擇:`Remote-Containers: Reopen in Container`
- 等待容器構建和啟動

## 34.1.3 开发容器配置详解

### devcontainer.json 配置
json
{
    "name": "Claude Code Dev Container",
    "dockerFile": "Dockerfile",
    "context": "..",
    "customizations": {
    "vscode": {
    "extensions": [
    "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
    "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
    "ms-vscode.vscode-typescript-next",
    "github.copilot"
    ],
    "settings": {
    "editor.formatOnSave": true,
    "editor.defaultFormatter": "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
    "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.linux": "zsh"
    }
    }
    },
    "features": {
    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/node:1": {
    "version": "20"
    },
    "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/git:1": {}
    },
    "mounts": [
    "source=${localWorkspaceFolder},target=/workspace,type=bind",
    "source=claude-code-history,target=/home/vscode/.claude-history,type=volume"
    ],
    "postCreateCommand": "bash .devcontainer/init-firewall.sh",
    "remoteUser": "vscode"
}

Dockerfile 配置

dockerfile
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:ubuntu-22.04

# 安装 Node.js 20
RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | bash - && \
    apt-get install -y nodejs && \
    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 安装开发工具
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    git \
    zsh \
    fzf \
    ripgrep \
    jq \
    curl \
    wget \
    vim \
    && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 安装 Oh My Zsh
RUN sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" "" --unattended

# 配置 ZSH
RUN echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc && \
    echo 'export EDITOR="vim"' >> ~/.zshrc

# 创建非 root 用户
RUN useradd -m -s /bin/zsh vscode && \
    echo "vscode ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

# 设置工作目录
WORKDIR /workspace

USER vscode

防火牆指令碼 (init-firewall.sh)

bash
#!/bin/bash
set -e
echo "配置开发容器防火墙..."
# 安装 iptables
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y iptables
# 清除现有规则
sudo iptables -F
sudo iptables -X
sudo iptables -t nat -F
sudo iptables -t nat -X
# 默认策略:拒绝所有出站连接
sudo iptables -P OUTPUT DROP
# 允许本地回环
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
# 允许已建立的连接
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# 允许 DNS
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
# 允许 SSH
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
# 允许 HTTPS(白名单域名)
ALLOWED_DOMAINS=(
"api.anthropic.com"
"code.claude.com"
"github.com"
"npmjs.org"
"registry.npmjs.org"
"cdn.npmjs.org"
)
for domain in "${ALLOWED_DOMAINS[@]}"; do
ip=$(dig +short $domain | head -n 1)
if [ -n "$ip" ]; then
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -d $ip -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
echo "允许访问: $domain ($ip)"
fi
done
# 保存规则
sudo iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4
echo "防火墙配置完成"

34.1.4 企业级自定义配置

多环境配置

為不同的開發環境建立不同的配置檔案:

.devcontainer/
├── devcontainer.json
├── Dockerfile
├── Dockerfile.dev
├── Dockerfile.staging
├── Dockerfile.prod
├── devcontainer.dev.json
├── devcontainer.staging.json
└── devcontainer.prod.json

開發環境配置 (devcontainer.dev.json):

json
{
"name": "Claude Code Dev Environment",
"dockerFile": "Dockerfile.dev",
"customizations": {
"vscode": {
"extensions": [
"dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
"esbenp.prettier-vscode",
"ms-vscode.vscode-typescript-next",
"github.copilot",
"eamodio.gitlens",
"ms-python.python"
]
}
},
"mounts": [
"source=${localWorkspaceFolder},target=/workspace,type=bind",
"source=dev-node-modules,target=/workspace/node_modules,type=volume"
],
"postCreateCommand": "npm install && npm run setup:dev"
}

生產環境配置 (devcontainer.prod.json):

json
{
  "name": "Claude Code Prod Environment",
  "dockerFile": "Dockerfile.prod",
  "customizations": {
    "vscode": {
      "extensions": [
        "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
        "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
        "ms-vscode.vscode-typescript-next"
      ]
    }
  },
  "mounts": [
    "source=${localWorkspaceFolder},target=/workspace,type=bind"
  ],
  "postCreateCommand": "npm ci && npm run build"
}

企業級 Dockerfile

dockerfile
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:ubuntu-22.04

# 设置时区
ENV TZ=Asia/Shanghai
RUN ln -snf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TZ /etc/localtime && echo $TZ > /etc/timezone

# 安装企业级工具
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    git \
    curl \
    wget \
    vim \
    jq \
    build-essential \
    python3 \
    python3-pip \
    openssl \
    gnupg \
    net-tools \
    iputils-ping \
    subversion \
    mercurial \
    && apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 安装 Node.js 20
RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | bash - && \
    apt-get install -y nodejs && \
    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 配置 npm 企业镜像
RUN npm config set registry https://npm.company.com && \
    npm config set @company:registry https://npm.company.com

# 安装企业证书
COPY company-ca.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/
RUN update-ca-certificates

# 安装企业 CLI 工具
RUN npm install -g @company/cli-tools

# 配置 Git
RUN git config --global user.name "Company Developer" && \
    git config --global user.email "dev@company.com" && \
    git config --global core.autocrlf input

# 安装 Oh My Zsh 和企业主题
RUN sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" "" --unattended && \
    git clone https://github.com/company/zsh-theme.git ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/themes/company

# 配置企业代理
ENV HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.company.com:8080
ENV HTTPS_PROXY=http://proxy.company.com:8080
ENV NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,.company.com

# 创建用户
RUN useradd -m -s /bin/zsh vscode && \
    echo "vscode ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

WORKDIR /workspace
USER vscode

# 配置企业环境变量
RUN echo 'export COMPANY_ENV=production' >> ~/.zshrc && \
    echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc

團隊協作配置

共享配置檔案 (.devcontainer/shared-settings.json):

json
{
  "editor.formatOnSave": true,
  "editor.defaultFormatter": "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
  "editor.tabSize": 2,
  "editor.insertSpaces": true,
  "files.trimTrailingWhitespace": true,
  "files.insertFinalNewline": true,
  "files.exclude": {
    "**/.git": true,
    "**/.DS_Store": true,
    "**/node_modules": true,
    "**/dist": true
  },
  "search.exclude": {
    "**/node_modules": true,
    "**/dist": true,
    "**/.git": true
  },
  "typescript.tsdk": "node_modules/typescript/lib",
  "eslint.workingDirectories": ["./"]
}

推薦擴充套件 (.vscode/extensions.json):

json
{
  "recommendations": [
    "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
    "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
    "ms-vscode.vscode-typescript-next",
    "eamodio.gitlens",
    "ms-python.python",
    "github.copilot",
    "github.vscode-pull-request-github",
    "redhat.vscode-yaml",
    "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker"
  ]
}

34.1.5 安全增强配置

强化防火墙规则

bash
#!/bin/bash
# .devcontainer/init-security.sh

set -e

echo "配置企业级安全防火墙..."

# 安装安全工具
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y iptables fail2ban

# 配置 iptables
sudo iptables -F
sudo iptables -X
sudo iptables -t nat -F
sudo iptables -t nat -X

# 默认拒绝策略
sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP
sudo iptables -P FORWARD DROP
sudo iptables -P OUTPUT DROP

# 允许本地回环
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

# 允许已建立的连接
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

# 允许 DNS
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT

# 允许 SSH(仅从特定网络)
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 10.0.0.0/8 --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

# 企业白名单域名
declare -A ALLOWED_DOMAINS=(
    ["api.anthropic.com"]="443"
    ["code.claude.com"]="443"
    ["github.com"]="443"
    ["npm.company.com"]="443"
    ["git.company.com"]="443"
    ["artifacts.company.com"]="443"
)

for domain in "${!ALLOWED_DOMAINS[@]}"; do
    port=${ALLOWED_DOMAINS[$domain]}
    ips=$(dig +short $domain)
    for ip in $ips; do
        sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -d $ip -p tcp --dport $port -j ACCEPT
        echo "允许: $domain -> $ip:$port"
    done
done

# 阻止常见攻击端口
BLOCKED_PORTS=(23 135 137 138 139 445 1433 3389)
for port in "${BLOCKED_PORTS[@]}"; do
    sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport $port -j DROP
    sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport $port -j DROP
done

# 保存规则
sudo iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4

# 配置 fail2ban
sudo cat > /etc/fail2ban/jail.local << 'EOF'
[DEFAULT]
bantime = 3600
findtime = 600
maxretry = 5

[sshd]
enabled = true
port = ssh
filter = sshd
logpath = /var/log/auth.log
maxretry = 3
EOF

sudo systemctl enable fail2ban
sudo systemctl start fail2ban

echo "安全配置完成"

檔案系統許可權配置

bash
#!/bin/bash
# .devcontainer/init-permissions.sh

set -e

echo "配置文件系统权限..."

# 创建受限目录结构
sudo mkdir -p /workspace/{src,tests,docs,scripts}
sudo mkdir -p /workspace/.secrets

# 设置权限
sudo chown -R vscode:vscode /workspace
sudo chmod 755 /workspace/{src,tests,docs,scripts}
sudo chmod 700 /workspace/.secrets

# 配置 .gitignore
cat > /workspace/.gitignore << 'EOF'
# Secrets
.secrets/
*.key
*.pem
.env.local

# IDE
.vscode/
.idea/

# OS
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db

# Dependencies
node_modules/
EOF

# 配置敏感文件保护
sudo touch /workspace/.secrets/.gitkeep
sudo chmod 600 /workspace/.secrets/.gitkeep

echo "文件系统权限配置完成"

34.1.6 CI/CD 集成

GitHub Actions 配置

yaml
name: Dev Container CI

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, develop]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2

      - name: Build dev container
        uses: devcontainers/ci@v0.3
        with:
          push: never
          imageName: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/devcontainer
          cacheFrom: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/devcontainer:latest

      - name: Run tests in dev container
        uses: devcontainers/ci@v0.3
        with:
          push: never
          imageName: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}/devcontainer
          runCmd: npm test

GitLab CI 配置

yaml
stages:
  - build
  - test

variables:
  DEV_CONTAINER_IMAGE: $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/devcontainer:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA

build:
  stage: build
  image: docker:24
  services:
    - docker:24-dind
  script:
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
    - docker build -f .devcontainer/Dockerfile -t $DEV_CONTAINER_IMAGE .
    - docker push $DEV_CONTAINER_IMAGE

test:
  stage: test
  image: $DEV_CONTAINER_IMAGE
  script:
    - npm install
    - npm test
    - npm run lint

34.1.7 监控和日志

容器健康检查

json
{
  "name": "Claude Code Dev Container",
  "dockerFile": "Dockerfile",
  "healthCheck": {
    "test": ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3000/health"],
    "interval": "30s",
    "timeout": "10s",
    "retries": 3,
    "startPeriod": "40s"
  }
}

日誌配置

bash
#!/bin/bash
# .devcontainer/init-logging.sh

# 创建日志目录
mkdir -p /workspace/logs

# 配置日志轮转
sudo cat > /etc/logrotate.d/devcontainer << 'EOF'
/workspace/logs/*.log {
  daily
  rotate 7
  compress
  delaycompress
  missingok
  notifempty
  create 0644 vscode vscode
}
EOF

# 配置应用日志
cat > /workspace/.env << 'EOF'
LOG_LEVEL=info
LOG_FILE=/workspace/logs/app.log
LOG_MAX_SIZE=10m
LOG_MAX_FILES=5
EOF

echo "日志配置完成"

34.1.8 最佳实践

1. 版本控制

  • 將所有配置檔案納入版本控制
  • 使用 .gitignore 排除敏感資訊
  • 使用環境變數管理配置差異

2. 文件化

  • 為每個配置檔案新增註釋
  • 建立 README 說明如何使用開發容器
  • 記錄常見問題和解決方案

3. 安全性

  • 定期更新基礎映象
  • 使用最小許可權原則
  • 定期審計防火牆規則

4. 效能最佳化

  • 使用多階段構建減小映象大小
  • 利用 Docker 快取層
  • 合理配置資源限制

5. 團隊協作

  • 標準化配置檔案
  • 共享常用擴充套件和設定
  • 建立配置審查流程

34.1.9 故障排查

常见问题

問題 1:容器無法啟動

bash
# 检查 Docker 状态
docker ps -a

# 查看容器日志
docker logs <container-id>

# 重新构建容器
# 在 VS Code 中: Remote-Containers: Rebuild Container

# 检查防火墙规则
sudo iptables -L -n -v

# 测试 DNS 解析
dig api.anthropic.com

# 检查代理配置
echo $HTTP_PROXY
echo $HTTPS_PROXY

問題 2:網路連線問題

bash
# 检查容器网络配置
docker inspect <container-id> | grep -A 10 "NetworkSettings"

# 测试容器内网络
docker exec <container-id> ping -c 4 8.8.8.8

# 检查 DNS 配置
docker exec <container-id> cat /etc/resolv.conf

# 验证 HTTPS 连接
docker exec <container-id> curl -v https://api.anthropic.com

問題 3:許可權問題

bash
# 检查文件权限
ls -la /workspace

# 修复权限
sudo chown -R vscode:vscode /workspace

# 检查容器内用户
docker exec <container-id> whoami

# 检查挂载点权限
docker inspect <container-id> | grep -A 5 "Mounts"

問題 4:擴充套件安裝失敗

bash
# 手动安装扩展
code --install-extension <extension-id>

# 检查扩展市场连接
curl -I https://marketplace.visualstudio.com

# 查看已安装扩展
code --list-extensions

# 检查扩展日志
tail -f ~/.vscode/extensions/.log

問題 5:記憶體或 CPU 問題

bash
# 检查容器资源使用
docker stats <container-id>

# 增加 Docker Desktop 资源限制
# macOS: Docker Desktop > Preferences > Resources

# 检查容器内存限制
docker inspect <container-id> | grep -A 5 "Memory"

# 优化镜像大小
docker images | grep devcontainer

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